抵押品評估及信用風險管理(ppt 44頁)

抵押品評估及信用風險管理目錄：
1. Why is Collateral Evaluation Important? 為什麼抵押品評估重要
2. Types of Collateral and Regulatory Pitfalls 抵押品種類和法規缺陷
3. Evaluation of Collateral (Real Estate) 抵押品評估（房產）
4. Evaluation of Collateral (Other Assets) 抵押品評估（其他資產）
5. Protection of Collateral 抵押品保護
Creation of Security Interest 擔保利益的創立
Perfection of Security Interest 擔保利益的完善
6. Collateral Management 抵押品管理
Collateral Management for Credit Risk Management 信用風險管理中的抵押品管理
Safeguarding the Enforcement 維護強製執行
7. Enforcement of Collateral 抵押品的強製執行
8. Extinguishing Security Interest in Collateral 抵押品利益的終止

抵押品評估及信用風險管理內容提要：
The more accurate the evaluation, the more enhanced credit risk management in place. 對抵押品的評估越是準確，信貸風險的管理的準確性就越高
Large actual loan loss exceeding the estimated LGD could lead to a serious depletion of bank’s equity capital. 實際貸款損失如果大大超過預計的違約損失率會導致銀行的自有資本嚴重損耗。
To reduce average loss rate, banks need to collect on the default exposure as much as and as fast as possible.為了降低平均損失率，銀行應該盡快收回盡量多的資產。
If a bank does not properly estimate collateral values, the collection upon default would become smaller and take a longer period of time, leading to a depletion of capital and lower profits.如果銀行不能準確估計抵押品價值，違約後能夠收回的價值就降低了，所需要的時間也更長，導致資本損耗了利潤降低。
Lender 出借方(specifically)
Encourage willingness of payment to reduce PL.鼓勵出借方進行借款降低損失
Substitute the repayments to reduce LGD.代替還款降低違約損失率
Protects against borrower’s over-borrowing.保護出借方不至於過度借債
Borrower 借用方(specifically)
Access to credit: let borrowers monetize their illiquid assets to raise funds獲得融資：借用方可以抵押他們的非現金資產來獲取資金
Cost of Credit: potentially reduce funding costs for the lower EL calculated by the lender融資成本：潛在的降低了融資成本，因為出借方計算出的預計損失較低
Overcoming asymmetric information problems: access to funds even in a financially difficult time, or even without audited financial reports解決了信息不對稱問題：即是財務困難時期，或者沒有審計後的財務報表，也可以獲得融資

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